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Kheshari Dal, also known as Lathyrus Dal or Grass Pea Dal, is a traditional legume derived from the Lathyrus sativus plant. It is widely consumed in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, as well as in parts of Africa and the Mediterranean region. Known for its affordability and resilience, kheshari dal is often grown in drought-prone areas and has served as a staple food for centuries in regions with limited agricultural resources.
Kheshari Dal is a versatile, affordable, and protein-rich legume that has been a dietary staple in many regions for centuries. From hearty curries to crispy fritters, its earthy flavor and creamy texture make it a valuable ingredient in a variety of dishes. While historical concerns about lathyrism exist, modern consumption of kheshari dal in moderation as part of a balanced diet is considered safe and nutritious. Its resilience as a crop and its nutritional benefits make kheshari dal an important food for both traditional and contemporary cuisines.
Kheshari dal is a type of lentil commonly used in Indian and Bangladeshi cuisine. It is known for its small, round shape and yellow or green color. This lentil is a staple ingredient in many vegetarian and vegan dishes due to its versatility and nutritional value. Kheshari dal is a rich source of protein, fiber, iron, and folate. It is also low in fat and calories, making it a healthy choice for people looking to maintain a balanced diet.
Key Features of Kheshari Dal:
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Nutritional Value:
- High in Protein: A valuable source of plant-based protein, especially for vegetarian diets.
- Rich in Fiber: Supports digestion and helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
- Packed with Micronutrients: Contains iron, calcium, potassium, and B vitamins, essential for overall health.
- Low in Fat: Makes it a heart-healthy option.
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Flavor and Texture:
- Kheshari dal has an earthy, nutty flavor.
- When cooked, it develops a creamy texture, making it suitable for soups, stews, and curries.
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Sustainability:
- The plant is drought-tolerant and thrives in poor soil conditions, making it a reliable crop in challenging climates.
Culinary Uses of Kheshari Dal:
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Dal Curries:
- Kheshari dal is often boiled and spiced with turmeric, cumin, garlic, and onions to make a simple yet flavorful curry, typically served with rice or flatbreads.
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Khichuri (Rice and Lentil Dish):
- Used as a base lentil in khichuri, a popular comfort food made by cooking lentils, rice, and vegetables with spices.
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Fritters and Snacks:
- Dal Pakoras: Ground kheshari dal is mixed with spices and herbs, shaped into fritters, and deep-fried for a crispy snack.
- Fried Dal: Roasted or fried kheshari dal seasoned with salt and spices is enjoyed as a crunchy snack.
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Side Dishes:
- Mashed Dal: Boiled and mashed kheshari dal is seasoned with mustard oil, onions, and chilies to create a simple side dish.
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Thickening Agent:
- Its creamy consistency makes it a natural thickener for soups, stews, and gravies.
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Flour Preparation:
- Kheshari dal is sometimes ground into flour and used in traditional bread recipes or blended with other flours for added nutrition.
Nutritional Benefits:
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Protein Powerhouse:
- Provides essential amino acids for muscle repair and overall body function.
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Rich in Fiber:
- Promotes digestive health and helps in weight management by keeping you full for longer.
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Energy-Boosting:
- A good source of complex carbohydrates that provide sustained energy.
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Micronutrient Rich:
- Supplies iron for better oxygen transport in the body and calcium for strong bones.
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Low-Calorie Option:
- Ideal for calorie-conscious diets without compromising on nutrition.
Health Concerns and Recommendations:
While kheshari dal is nutritious, prolonged and excessive consumption has historically been associated with lathyrism, a neurological condition caused by a naturally occurring toxin (ODAP) found in the dal. This issue is primarily observed in regions where kheshari dal constitutes a major portion of the diet, particularly during famines or droughts.
To ensure safe consumption:
- Eat in moderation as part of a varied diet.
- Combine with other lentils or grains to dilute the toxin levels.
- Modern cultivation practices and processing methods have significantly reduced toxin risks in commercially available kheshari dal.
Cooking Tips for Kheshari Dal:
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Pre-Soaking:
- Soak the dal for 4–6 hours before cooking to reduce cooking time and enhance digestibility.
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Seasoning:
- It pairs well with bold spices like cumin, mustard seeds, garlic, and dried chilies for a flavorful dish.
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Cooking Time:
- Kheshari dal cooks relatively quickly, especially in a pressure cooker (10–12 minutes) or on a stovetop (30–40 minutes).
How to Cook Kheshari Dal
Kheshari dal is easy to cook and requires minimal preparation. Here are the basic steps:
- Rinse the lentils thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris.
- Soak the lentils in water for 30 minutes to an hour.
- Drain the lentils and add them to a pot with water, spices, and vegetables of your choice.
- Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer until the lentils are tender.
Tips for Cooking Kheshari Dal
- Use a good quality kheshari dal for the best flavor and texture.
- Add a pinch of baking soda to the cooking water to help the lentils cook faster.
- Season the dal with your favorite spices, such as cumin, coriander, turmeric, and chili powder.
- Add a tempering of ghee, mustard seeds, and curry leaves for extra flavor.
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